A. Mustafa Kamal Pasha
B. Ali Pasha
C. Abdul Majeed
D. Abdullah Pasha
🧠 Explanation:
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924, ending the institution in Turkey as part of his secular reforms. This marked the transition to a modern, secular Turkish Republic, reshaping the nation’s identity. Atatürk’s policies prioritized nationalism over religious governance, influencing global perceptions of Turkey. Studying this event highlights the shift from empire to nation-state, a key topic in modern history, offering insights into secularism, governance, and the transformation of Turkey’s political landscape.
