Programs stored in ROM are called:

🧠 Explanation:

Programs stored in ROM are called firmware, a specialized software embedded in hardware devices. Firmware provides low-level control for devices like routers, keyboards, or appliances, ensuring their core functionality. Unlike regular software, firmware is non-volatile, retaining instructions without power. It is designed for specific hardware, enabling tasks like booting or device communication. Firmware updates enhance performance or fix bugs but require careful installation to avoid device failure. Its permanent storage in ROM ensures reliability, making it essential for the stable operation of electronic devices in industries ranging from consumer electronics to automotive systems.